巴菲特滾財富雪球的10種心法
With an estimated fortune of $62 billion, Warren Buffett is the richest man in the entire world. In 1962, when he began buying stock in Berkshire Hathaway, a share cost $7.50. Today, Buffett, 78, is Berkshire’s chairman and CEO, and one share of the company’s class A stock is worth close to $119,000. He credits his astonishing success to several key strategies, which he has shared with writer Alice Schroeder. She spent hundreds of hours interviewing the Sage of Omaha for the new authorized biography The Snowball.
Read Buffett's best secrets — then enter for your chance to win a signed copy of the book!
巴菲特之所以富可敵國，絕非偶然。在他的新傳記《雪球：巴菲特與生活事業》(Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life)一書中，作者Alice Schroeder歸納出他致富的10種心法：
1. Reinvest your profits (賺了錢再投資)
When you first make money, you may be tempted to spend it. Don’t. Instead, reinvest the profits. Buffett learned this early on. In high school, he and a pal bought a pinball machine to put in a barbershop. With the money they earned, they bought more machines until they had eight in different shops. When the friends sold the venture, Buffett used the proceeds to buy stocks and to start another small business. By age 26, he’d amassed $174,000—or $1.4 million in today’s money. Even a small sum can turn into great wealth.
他念中學時跟朋友合夥買了一台彈珠機臺營利，靠著機臺賺來的錢再買了8台機臺擺在不同店家。後來他們賣掉機臺，他拿這些錢買股票、投入新事業，26歲時就累積了17.4萬美元，相當於今日140萬美元。
2. Be willing to be different (不從眾有主見)
Don’t base your decisions upon what everyone is saying or doing. When Buffett began managing money in 1956 with $100,000 cobbled together from a handful of investors, he was dubbed an oddball. He worked in Omaha, not on Wall Street, and he refused to tell his partners where he was putting their money. People predicted that he’d fail, but when he closed his partnership 14 years later, it was worth more than $100 million. Instead of following the crowd, he looked for undervalued investments and ended up vastly beating the market average every single year. To Buffett, the average is just that—what everybody else is doing. To be above average, you need to measure yourself by what he calls the Inner Scorecard, judging yourself by your own standards and not the world’s.
1956年他在家鄉奧馬哈展開投資合夥事業，而不是到華爾街上班，當時被認為是怪胎，不被看好，但14年之後他將10萬美元本金滾成100多萬元，年平均報酬率打敗大盤，靠的是買進遭市場低估的股票。
3. Never suck your thumb (別吸吮大拇指)
Gather in advance any information you need to make a decision, and ask a friend or relative to make sure that you stick to a deadline. Buffett prides himself on swiftly making up his mind and acting on it. He calls any unnecessary sitting and thinking “thumb-sucking.” When people offer him a business or an investment, he says, “I won’t talk unless they bring me a price.” He gives them an answer on the spot.
意思是做決策要先蒐集完整資訊，以免浪費時間在不必要的思考上面。巴菲特做決定向來不拖泥帶水，任何收購案，對方未出價前他寧可不談，一旦出價他就可以當場決定，因為他早就摸清對方底細了。
4. Spell out the deal before you start (價碼先談清楚)
Your bargaining leverage is always greatest before you begin a job—that’s when you have something to offer that the other party wants. Buffett learned this lesson the hard way as a kid, when his grandfather Ernest hired him and a friend to dig out the family grocery store after a blizzard. The boys spent five hours shoveling until they could barely straighten their frozen hands. Afterward, his grandfather gave the pair less than 90 cents to split. Buffett was horrified that he performed such backbreaking work only to earn pennies an hour. Always nail down the specifics of a deal in advance—even with your friends and relatives.
即便是跟親友合作談生意，一開始就要談妥相關條件及利益分配，否則會吃虧。巴菲特在孩童時期就得到這個教訓，有一次暴風雪過後，祖父雇他清理被積雪覆蓋的雜貨店，辛勞5小時後只得到極微薄的工資
5. Watch small expenses (小錢能省則省)
Buffett invests in businesses run by managers who obsess over the tiniest costs. He once acquired a company whose owner counted the sheets in rolls of 500-sheet toilet paper to see if he was being cheated (he was). He also admired a friend who painted only the side of his office building that faced the road. Exercising vigilance over every expense can make your profits—and your paycheck—go much further.
節儉是一種美德，在事業的經營上更是如此，因此要設法堵住每一個可能造成浪費的細微環節。在他收購的企業當中，有一個老闆連買廁紙時都要算張數是否短少。
6. Limit what you borrow (設定借款上限)
Living on credit cards and loans won’t make you rich. Buffett has never borrowed a significant amount—not to invest, not for a mortgage. He has gotten many heartrending letters from people who thought their borrowing was manageable but became overwhelmed by debt. His advice: Negotiate with creditors to pay what you can. Then, when you’re debt-free, work on saving some money that you can use to invest.
依賴刷卡、借貸過活不會讓你變有錢。他從未大手筆舉債投資，購屋主要用現金。看到許多債務人的痛苦下場，他建議有負債者趕快跟債主洽談還款計劃，還清負債之後趕快存錢來投資。
7. Be persistent (必須堅持到底)
With tenacity and ingenuity, you can win against a more established competitor. Buffett acquired the Nebraska Furniture Mart in 1983 because he liked the way its founder, Rose Blumkin, did business. A Russian immigrant, she built the mart from a pawnshop into the largest furniture store in North America. Her strategy was to undersell the big shots, and she was a merciless negotiator. To Buffett, Rose embodied the unwavering courage that makes a winner out of an underdog.
要打敗領先的對手，你要持之以恒，善用技巧和策略。巴菲特1983年收購Nebraska Furniture Mart，就是看上原經營當鋪的創辦人Rose Blumkin洽談進貨時殺價不手軟，堅守底線，採取薄利多銷策略賺大錢。
8. Know when to quit (懂得適時放棄)
Once, when Buffett was a teen, he went to the racetrack. He bet on a race and lost. To recoup his funds, he bet on another race. He lost again, leaving him with close to nothing. He felt sick—h e had squandered nearly a week’s earnings. Buffett never repeated that mistake. Know when to walk away from a loss, and don’t let anxiety fool you into trying again.
巴菲特10幾歲時在田徑場上跟人打賭，看誰跑得快，第1次輸的時候很不甘心，為贏回賭注，他再次打賭比誰跑得快，結果又輸了，1星期的所得幾乎賠光，他痛定思痛，決定放棄，避免擴大損失。
9. Assess the risks (做好風險評估)
In 1995, the employer of Buffett’s son, Howie, was accused by the FBI of price-fixing. Buffett advised Howie to imagine the worst- and best-case scenarios if he stayed with the company. His son quickly realized that the risks of staying far outweighed any potential gains, and he quit the next day. Asking yourself “and then what?” can help you see all of the possible consequences when you’re struggling to make a decision—and can guide you to the smartest choice.
當你在工作或投資、事業碰到新狀況，必須有所取捨時，不要逃避或拖延，深入設想可能的最好和最壞狀況，靜下心來仔細評估其利害得失，這樣才能幫自己做出最棒的抉擇。
10. Know what success really means (了解成功真諦)
Despite his wealth, Buffett does not measure success by dollars. In 2006, he pledged to give away almost his entire fortune to charities, primarily the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He's adamant about not funding monuments to himself—no Warren Buffett buildings or halls. "I know people who have a lot of money," he says, "and they get testimonial dinners and hospital wings named after them. But the truth is that nobody in the world loves them. When you get to my age, you'll measure your success in life by how many of the people you want to have love you actually do love you. That's the ultimate test of how you've lived your life."
巴菲特家財萬貫，但早已決定捐出大部分財產做公益，錢財不是他評量成功的指標。78歲的他說：“在你想要爭取的人當中，有多少會真正打從心底愛你？”這才是衡量成功的終極指標。
English by Alice Schroeder
Published: September 7, 2008
中文來源：中新網-台灣《Money+理財家》雜誌 發表評論
2008年10月21日 16:42
With an estimated fortune of $62 billion, Warren Buffett is the richest man in the entire world. In 1962, when he began buying stock in Berkshire Hathaway, a share cost $7.50. Today, Buffett, 78, is Berkshire’s chairman and CEO, and one share of the company’s class A stock is worth close to $119,000. He credits his astonishing success to several key strategies, which he has shared with writer Alice Schroeder. She spent hundreds of hours interviewing the Sage of Omaha for the new authorized biography The Snowball.Read Buffett's best secrets — then enter for your chance to win a signed copy of the book!
巴菲特之所以富可敵國，絕非偶然。在他的新傳記《雪球：巴菲特與生活事業》(Snowball: Warren Buffett and the Business of Life)一書中，作者Alice Schroeder歸納出他致富的10種心法：
1. Reinvest your profits (賺了錢再投資)
When you first make money, you may be tempted to spend it. Don’t. Instead, reinvest the profits. Buffett learned this early on. In high school, he and a pal bought a pinball machine to put in a barbershop. With the money they earned, they bought more machines until they had eight in different shops. When the friends sold the venture, Buffett used the proceeds to buy stocks and to start another small business. By age 26, he’d amassed $174,000—or $1.4 million in today’s money. Even a small sum can turn into great wealth.他念中學時跟朋友合夥買了一台彈珠機臺營利，靠著機臺賺來的錢再買了8台機臺擺在不同店家。後來他們賣掉機臺，他拿這些錢買股票、投入新事業，26歲時就累積了17.4萬美元，相當於今日140萬美元。
2. Be willing to be different (不從眾有主見)
Don’t base your decisions upon what everyone is saying or doing. When Buffett began managing money in 1956 with $100,000 cobbled together from a handful of investors, he was dubbed an oddball. He worked in Omaha, not on Wall Street, and he refused to tell his partners where he was putting their money. People predicted that he’d fail, but when he closed his partnership 14 years later, it was worth more than $100 million. Instead of following the crowd, he looked for undervalued investments and ended up vastly beating the market average every single year. To Buffett, the average is just that—what everybody else is doing. To be above average, you need to measure yourself by what he calls the Inner Scorecard, judging yourself by your own standards and not the world’s.1956年他在家鄉奧馬哈展開投資合夥事業，而不是到華爾街上班，當時被認為是怪胎，不被看好，但14年之後他將10萬美元本金滾成100多萬元，年平均報酬率打敗大盤，靠的是買進遭市場低估的股票。
3. Never suck your thumb (別吸吮大拇指)
Gather in advance any information you need to make a decision, and ask a friend or relative to make sure that you stick to a deadline. Buffett prides himself on swiftly making up his mind and acting on it. He calls any unnecessary sitting and thinking “thumb-sucking.” When people offer him a business or an investment, he says, “I won’t talk unless they bring me a price.” He gives them an answer on the spot.意思是做決策要先蒐集完整資訊，以免浪費時間在不必要的思考上面。巴菲特做決定向來不拖泥帶水，任何收購案，對方未出價前他寧可不談，一旦出價他就可以當場決定，因為他早就摸清對方底細了。
4. Spell out the deal before you start (價碼先談清楚)
Your bargaining leverage is always greatest before you begin a job—that’s when you have something to offer that the other party wants. Buffett learned this lesson the hard way as a kid, when his grandfather Ernest hired him and a friend to dig out the family grocery store after a blizzard. The boys spent five hours shoveling until they could barely straighten their frozen hands. Afterward, his grandfather gave the pair less than 90 cents to split. Buffett was horrified that he performed such backbreaking work only to earn pennies an hour. Always nail down the specifics of a deal in advance—even with your friends and relatives.即便是跟親友合作談生意，一開始就要談妥相關條件及利益分配，否則會吃虧。巴菲特在孩童時期就得到這個教訓，有一次暴風雪過後，祖父雇他清理被積雪覆蓋的雜貨店，辛勞5小時後只得到極微薄的工資
5. Watch small expenses (小錢能省則省)
Buffett invests in businesses run by managers who obsess over the tiniest costs. He once acquired a company whose owner counted the sheets in rolls of 500-sheet toilet paper to see if he was being cheated (he was). He also admired a friend who painted only the side of his office building that faced the road. Exercising vigilance over every expense can make your profits—and your paycheck—go much further.節儉是一種美德，在事業的經營上更是如此，因此要設法堵住每一個可能造成浪費的細微環節。在他收購的企業當中，有一個老闆連買廁紙時都要算張數是否短少。
6. Limit what you borrow (設定借款上限)
Living on credit cards and loans won’t make you rich. Buffett has never borrowed a significant amount—not to invest, not for a mortgage. He has gotten many heartrending letters from people who thought their borrowing was manageable but became overwhelmed by debt. His advice: Negotiate with creditors to pay what you can. Then, when you’re debt-free, work on saving some money that you can use to invest.依賴刷卡、借貸過活不會讓你變有錢。他從未大手筆舉債投資，購屋主要用現金。看到許多債務人的痛苦下場，他建議有負債者趕快跟債主洽談還款計劃，還清負債之後趕快存錢來投資。
7. Be persistent (必須堅持到底)
With tenacity and ingenuity, you can win against a more established competitor. Buffett acquired the Nebraska Furniture Mart in 1983 because he liked the way its founder, Rose Blumkin, did business. A Russian immigrant, she built the mart from a pawnshop into the largest furniture store in North America. Her strategy was to undersell the big shots, and she was a merciless negotiator. To Buffett, Rose embodied the unwavering courage that makes a winner out of an underdog.要打敗領先的對手，你要持之以恒，善用技巧和策略。巴菲特1983年收購Nebraska Furniture Mart，就是看上原經營當鋪的創辦人Rose Blumkin洽談進貨時殺價不手軟，堅守底線，採取薄利多銷策略賺大錢。
8. Know when to quit (懂得適時放棄)
Once, when Buffett was a teen, he went to the racetrack. He bet on a race and lost. To recoup his funds, he bet on another race. He lost again, leaving him with close to nothing. He felt sick—h e had squandered nearly a week’s earnings. Buffett never repeated that mistake. Know when to walk away from a loss, and don’t let anxiety fool you into trying again.巴菲特10幾歲時在田徑場上跟人打賭，看誰跑得快，第1次輸的時候很不甘心，為贏回賭注，他再次打賭比誰跑得快，結果又輸了，1星期的所得幾乎賠光，他痛定思痛，決定放棄，避免擴大損失。
9. Assess the risks (做好風險評估)
In 1995, the employer of Buffett’s son, Howie, was accused by the FBI of price-fixing. Buffett advised Howie to imagine the worst- and best-case scenarios if he stayed with the company. His son quickly realized that the risks of staying far outweighed any potential gains, and he quit the next day. Asking yourself “and then what?” can help you see all of the possible consequences when you’re struggling to make a decision—and can guide you to the smartest choice.當你在工作或投資、事業碰到新狀況，必須有所取捨時，不要逃避或拖延，深入設想可能的最好和最壞狀況，靜下心來仔細評估其利害得失，這樣才能幫自己做出最棒的抉擇。
10. Know what success really means (了解成功真諦)
Despite his wealth, Buffett does not measure success by dollars. In 2006, he pledged to give away almost his entire fortune to charities, primarily the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. He's adamant about not funding monuments to himself—no Warren Buffett buildings or halls. "I know people who have a lot of money," he says, "and they get testimonial dinners and hospital wings named after them. But the truth is that nobody in the world loves them. When you get to my age, you'll measure your success in life by how many of the people you want to have love you actually do love you. That's the ultimate test of how you've lived your life."巴菲特家財萬貫，但早已決定捐出大部分財產做公益，錢財不是他評量成功的指標。78歲的他說：“在你想要爭取的人當中，有多少會真正打從心底愛你？”這才是衡量成功的終極指標。
English by Alice Schroeder
Published: September 7, 2008
中文來源：中新網-台灣《Money+理財家》雜誌 發表評論
2008年10月21日 16:42
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